Year: 2017 | Month: December | Volume 7 | Issue 3
Effect of Vaccination on Performance of Dairy Animals with Special Reference to Bulls: A Review
Abstract:
Vaccination stimulates immune system to generate memory cells responsible for immunity against specific antigen. Milk production decreased by vaccination however milk composition not changes significantly. Bull vaccinated against bacterial and viral diseases increases cellular damage and testicular degeneration leading to enhanced sperm abnormalities and decrease sperm motility, concentration and live cells. Exotic and crossbred bulls are more prone to diseases and vaccination. Offshoot of vaccination includes pain, swelling and redness at site of injection together with high temperature, shivering, fatigue and pain in muscles and joints. Marker vaccine help in differentiation or segregation of infected from vaccinated animals. Aversion of pyrexia to maintain normal body temperature can be a preventive measure against the adverse effects of vaccination. Vitamin E supplementation and pre-vaccination levamisole injection was tried to mitigate vaccination stress, though partial positive effect was observed. Therefore temporary suspension of semen freezing is advisable for 2 to 3 months post vaccination to avoid low fertility rate in herd.
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